New York Elder Law Attorney Blog

March 22, 2019

Aging and the Environment

Environmental problems disproportionately impact young children and the elderly. Older people are affected because their mobility is reduced as they age, they suffer from medical conditions that are exacerbated by the weather, and they lack the resources to move or obtain help that can alleviate some of the worst climate change consequences.

Natural disasters hit the airwaves every couple of months. Whether the disaster is a tornado, hurricane, fire, or flood, some of the earliest casualties are seniors. The news reports almost always report that that deceased person lived alone. One wonders if they received the warnings in a timely manner, or worse, they were aware of the warnings but were unable to seek shelter or obtain assistance in time. Heat and air-pollution can kill people ahead of time.

The Union for Concerned Scientists released a list of global warming impacts and warn that rising temperatures will lead to increased air pollution, a longer and more intense allergy season, the spread of insect-borne diseases, heavier rainstorms and floods. All of these climate issues will impact the health of the people affected.

March 19, 2019

Long-term Care Planning for Older Americans

by Ettinger Law Firm

The best time to plan for long-term care is when you are mentally and physically well. While it is a task often avoided, thinking about how you wish to be cared for when you become older or are suffering from an illness or incapacitation is important for you and your loved ones. The only way to ensure that your wishes are followed is to write them down and communicate them to others.

People live longer these days even with serious illnesses and various stages of incapacity. There are steps you should take to plan for any potential future period of incapacitation to protect your finances and the ability for your family or loved ones to afford to care for you as you get older and in need of assistance to care for yourself. A catastrophic accident or medical emergency may alter the course of your life forever. Once these acts occur, you may or may not be in the position to make decisions for yourself. Having a plan will help your family and you focus on healing and living again.

To guide your thoughts, begin by thinking about the answers to the following questions:

March 17, 2019

Preventing the Claw Back of Gift Transfers Under the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

by Ettinger Law Firm

The popular adage that the only two things that are certain in life are death and taxes is a good starting point as we begin our discussions on the topic of the possibility of the claw back of gift transfers under the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

According to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), an estate tax is a tax on an individual’s right to transfer property (cash, real estate interests, or other holdings) at his or her death. An accounting of everything owned on the date of death is made and a tax is levied. This tax can greatly reduce the value of the overall estate, cutting the value of the gifts bequeathed in the will, because the tax must be paid before the gifts made in the will can be disposed.

A method people use to reduce the imposition of the estate tax is to make a gift of money or property to someone during an individual’s lifetime. This gift however may subject the person giving the gift called a donor to federal gift tax. Each year, donors are permitted to make gift transfers that are tax free if they are made under the threshold limit. For example, in 2019, the gift tax exemption amount is $11.4 million. By making a transfer by gift under the threshold limit, the donor and estate avoid paying taxes on that portion of the estate.

March 14, 2019

Medicare for All or Medicare at 50? Expansion of Medicare and Medicaid, Part 2

by Ettinger Law Firm

We are examining proposals at various stages of the legislative process to expand Medicare and Medicaid healthcare coverage to either provide universal healthcare coverage to all Americans or expand eligibility of individuals currently not covered by the Affordable Health Care Act.

Our last post examined two proposals to expand Medicare and Medicaid by introducing universal health care coverage or allowing individuals to buy a private plan using Medicare and Medicaid efficiencies and cost-savings to Americans.

Elimination of employment-sponsored healthcare plans

March 11, 2019

Medicare for All or Medicare at 50? Expansion of Medicare and Medicaid, Part 1

by Ettinger Law Firm

Medicare at 50 is a bill currently making its way through Congress that would allow anyone over 50 to buy into Medicare. Proponents of the bill want people between the ages of 50 and 65 to be able to purchase a private Medicare health insurance plan and obtain the same tax credits and cost-sharing subsidies as those offered under the Affordable Healthcare Act.

Medicare is a national health insurance program for Americans 65 and older that helps individuals pay for medical care and treatment, including hospitalizations, nursing home care, prescription drugs, and medical supplies and equipment, among others, as they age and retire. Medicare is not free. Seniors pay an annual deductible and are responsible for co-payments and part of their prescription bill.

By and large Americans, of all ages and political denominations, are worried about the availability and affordability of healthcare services. Individuals able to retire are postponing retirement in order to maintain employer sponsored healthcare. Especially if there is a spouse suffering from a chronic illness, the working spouse may need to maintain an employer-sponsored health insurance plan to keep a younger spouse insured.

March 7, 2019

Staying Sharp as You Age

by Ettinger Law Firm

More so than any physical transformation, memory loss is one of the most severe consequences of aging. Aging at its core, affects how information is processed in the brain. Older people are often told that they are slow – in thought and in movement. While it is true that it may be more difficult to move, see, or hear as people age, people are surprised to learn that their senses are also slower and continue to slow down as they age.

Changes in memory storage and retrieval

According to Dr. Mark E. Williams, changes in memory storage and retrieval of information occur for all age groups as human beings mature and age. Over time however, recall gets worse. Recall involves the searching and retrieving of factual information.

March 5, 2019

Small Town Nursing Homes are Closing

by Ettinger Law Firm

How many times have you or someone you know said, “I’d rather be dead than in a nursing home.” When the statement is made, it is usually in good fun and easy to laugh about it. Not only is the speaker at the height of his or her mental and physical powers, but those around them, that hear the statement, acknowledge internally that well yes, such and such will not do so well living in a nursing home. From that revelation there is a short line to the conclusion that because of such and such’s personality nursing home residency will not work.

The flaw in these revelations is that most people do not voluntarily choose to enter a nursing home, even those with strong personalities. A medical reason is a prerequisite to admission. Even when medically necessary, many people fight the move. Especially the strong personalities, no sooner are they placed in a nursing home that discussions quickly turn to hatching up an escape plan.

Across the country, individuals living in nursing home facilities close to their homes in small towns are facing the prospect of having to move to another nursing home facility because their current facility is closing.

February 28, 2019

Probating an Estate Following a Loved One’s Death

by Ettinger Law Firm

Following the death of a loved one, most people would rather think of anything else than finances, assets in an estate, or something besides the memories of the person who passed away and left our lives. However, the time will eventually come when the person named as the executor to the deceased’s estate will need to begin the probate process and divide assets among heirs and settle any outstanding taxes and debts.

Sometimes, it may take a family effort to account for assets and pass the estate through the probate court, making cooperation and understanding all the more vital to moving along with a process during and already difficult situation. However, the responsibility to pass the estate through probate will ultimately fall onto whoever was appointed as the executor of the estate in the last will and testament of the person who passed away.

First, any valuable property will need to be secured and accounted for as these items may be listed in the deceased’s last will and testament to be distributed amongst heirs, family, and friends. This should be done as soon as possible as it may be more difficult if surviving relatives help themselves to the deceased’s property while under the impression it may have been promised to them but otherwise not recorded in the will.

February 24, 2019

Frequently Asked Questions About Powers of Attorney

by Ettinger Law Firm

For a lot of people, vestin a power of attorney in another individual is one of the most important aspects of estate planning they may have to undertake, possibly even more important than drafting a last will and testament. This is because a power of attorney, sometimes referred to as a durable power of attorney, is charged with making financial and health care decisions on another’s behalf in cases where that individual is unable to do so.

Without a power of attorney, families will need to wait for a judge’s order to appoint a guardian over their loved one’s affairs in the event he or she becomes incapacitated. This can result in increased legal and emotional hardships on family members coping with an already difficult situation. The utility of powers of attorney is that they do not take effect until an individual is incapacitated but when they do, these power take effect right away.

One common question folks have about powers of attorney is whether their rights are diminished in any way by vesting authority in another person to make financial decisions. Granting another person power of attorney over one’s affairs does not limit one’s rights in any way, the authority simply gives the other person the power to act when or where one cannot. That being said, it is extremely important to choose someone you can place your trust in.

February 20, 2019

What your Estate Plan Should Include

by Ettinger Law Firm

Having a well through out, defined estate plan is one of the most important things we can do for ourselves and our families during our life. Without an estate plan, your assets may be thrown into the uncertainty of probate court and legal challenges from interested parties that may feel they are somehow owed part of your estate. Those are just some of the very good reasons to have an estate plan and one that includes more than just a last will and testament.

For starters, an estate plan should include a revocable or “living trust” to pass assets onto friends and family while avoiding probate. Sometimes referred to as an “inter vivos” trust, it is a legal document through which assets are placed into a trust for your benefit during your lifetime and then transferred to designated beneficiaries at your death by your chosen representative, called a “successor trustee.” They are called revocable living trusts because they can be amended at any time and are created during the grantor’s lifetime.

Next, your estate plan will require a last will and testament to pass on any personal or sentimental items not covered by the trust. The will can also give specific instructions for when and how these assets are to be disbursed as well as give surviving family members clear burial instructions and otherwise pass on any other sentiments that are wished to be expressed.